Using Robots for Human Surgery?Robots replaces Doctors!

In 1954 George Devil created the first programmable industrial robot.It consisted of multijointed manipulated arm and a magnetic storage device to hold and replay instructions.More advanced versions worked at assembly lines in 1960s.In 1978,the PUMA(Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly)was introduced by Victor scheinman and quickly became the standard for commercial robots.
         Dr.Yik San kwoh (1946) invented the robot-software interface that allowed the first robot aided surgery in 1985."ole" was a modified PUMA that could perform a type of neurosurgery.In the surgery,a small probe travelled into the skull,a linked CT scanner provided a 3D picture of the brain,And the robot plotted the best part to the lesion."ole" was used for biopsies of deeply located suspected tumors.
         Before his device be used on humans,kwoh needed to test it.Small metal objects were inserted in four watermelons.The robot quickly located the object and inserted an instrument to remove them.
         Robots have since grown more complex and can assist and even perform surgeries.In 1998 Dr.Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr used a Da Vinci surgical robot to perform the first robotically assisted Coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Leipzig in Germany.
        In 1999 the world's first surgical robotics"beating-heart" CABG was performed at London Health Sciences Center in Ontario,Canada, using a ZEUS surgical robot.In this type of surgery,the sternum of the patient is not opened,and the heart is not stopped as it is in conventional bypass surgery.

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